- Webster’s Dictionary is the name given to a common type of English language dictionary in the United States. The name is derived from lexicographer Noah Webster and has become a genericized trademark for this type of dictionary.
webster dictionary
- a short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage; “the student’s essay failed to list several important citations”; “the acknowledgments are usually printed at the front of a book”; “the article includes mention of similar clinical cases”
- A quotation from or reference to a book, paper, or author, esp. in a scholarly work
- A mention of a praiseworthy act or achievement in an official report, esp. that of a member of the armed forces in wartime
- an official award (as for bravery or service) usually given as formal public statement
- A note accompanying an award, describing the reasons for it
- (law) the act of citing (as of spoken words or written passages or legal precedents etc.)
citation
- Clinton Hart Merriam (December 5, 1855-March 19, 1942) was an American zoologist, ornithologist, entomologist and ethnographer.
merriam
merriam webster dictionary citation – Merriam-Webster's Collegiate
– Countless illustrations and tables offering at-a-glance information
– Detailed symbols to show common pronunciation and acceptable variants
– Usage guides and synonym paragraphs to help you choose the right word
– Special sections on Abbreviations, Foreign Words and Phrases, and more
– And much more!
An essential addition to your library.
The 1998 10th edition of Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary marks the 100th anniversary of this distinguished and popular reference standard, and this is more than just an interesting statistic–it means that Merriam-Webster brings years of experience and reams of citation files to the creation of this latest edition. Improving on their last dictionary, they’ve added more than 100 pictorial illustrations and supplemented the synonym paragraphs with examples. Along with the English dictionary, which forms the heart of the reference, the editors at Merriam-Webster have included a brief introduction to the English language and a history of the English dictionary, a guide to pronunciation, and a series of appendices that include chemical element abbreviations and symbols, foreign words and phrases, extensive sections with biographical and geographical names, signs and symbols, and a handbook of style.
But getting back to the book itself–it’s impressively comprehensive for a collegiate dictionary, with more than 215,000 definitions. Each item includes a pithy wealth of information, with first usage date, etymology, and pronunciation, and clear, precise definitions. In addition, there are often usage notes, synonym cross-references, illustrative quotations, variant spellings and pronunciations, regional labels, and information on capitalization, function, and inflections. Then there are the extra touches. Under bible, for example, there’s a chart detailing books of the Old Testament, Jewish Scripture, Protestant apocrypha, and books of the New Testament. Under months is a table listing the months of the principal calendars–Gregorian, Jewish, and Islamic. And wonderful line drawings illustrate terms such as mackerel, lyrebird, hedgehog, and the ancient Celtic stringed instrument known as a crowd. All this makes it a valuable reference–detailed enough for editors and writers, accessible enough for students and casual definition seekers, updated with the new vocabulary of technology, and rigorous enough for the linguistic perfectionists. –Stephanie Gold
Cookies once again…. i love theseones…
The modern-day confusion in the English language around the word "biscuit" is created by its etymology.
The Middle French word bescuit is derived from the Latin words bis (twice) and coquere, coctus (to cook, cooked), and, hence, means "twice-cooked". This is because biscuits were originally cooked in a twofold process: first baked, and then dried out in a slow oven.
This term was then adapted into English in the 14th century during the Middle Ages, in the Middle English word bisquite, to represent a hard, twice-baked product.
However, the Dutch language from around 1703 had adopted the word koekje, a language diminutive of cake, to have a similar meaning for a similar hard, baked product. This may be related[citation needed] to the Russian or Ukrainian translation, where "biscuit" has come to mean "sponge cake".
The difference between the secondary Dutch word and that of Latin origin is that, whereas the koekje is a cake that rises during baking, the biscuit, which has no raising agent, in general does not , except for the expansion of heated air during baking.
When peoples from Europe began to emigrate to the United States, the two words and their "same but different" meanings began to clash. After the American War of Independence against the British, the word cookie became the word of choice to mean a hard, twice-baked product.
Further confusion has been added by the adoption of the word biscuit for a small leavened bread popular in the United States.
Today, according to American English dictionary Merriam-Webster:
A cookie is a "small flat or slightly raised cake".
A biscuit is "any of various hard or crisp dry baked product" similar to the American English terms cracker or cookie.
A biscuit can also mean "a small quick bread made from dough that has been rolled out and cut or dropped from a spoon".
Today, throughout most of the world, the term biscuit still means a hard, crisp, brittle bread, except in North America, where it now denotes a softer bread product baked only once. In modern Italian usage, the term biscotto is used to refer to any type of hard twice-baked biscuit, and not only to the cantuccini as in the past.
Day 148, R is for Rabbit. One Object 365 Days, #rabbit @Flickr #photos #Websters #dictionary
Vignette: normal-square rounded
The page is out of the Webster’s Pictorial Dictionary that I picked up at the bookstore yesterday. It contains woodblock prints from 19-c Webster dictionaries.
Sent from my Motorola ATRIX™ 4G on AT&T
merriam webster dictionary citation
MERRIAM WEBSTER DICTIONARY CITATION 